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Conichalcite
Mina Gold Hill, Gold Hill, Distrito Gold Hill, Condado Tooele, Utah, USA
4,5 x 3,5 cm (Autor: Volkmar Stingl) -
Conichalcite
Mina Gold Hill, Gold Hill, Distrito Gold Hill, Condado Tooele, Utah, USA
4 x 2 cm (Autor: Volkmar Stingl) -
Conichalcite
Mina Previsión, Barranco de los Cocones, Fiñana, Comarca Los Filabres-Tabernas, Almería, Andalucía, España
FOV 5mm (Autor: Carlos Pareja) -
Connellite and Buttgenbachite
Mina Casualidad, Cordillera de los Picachos, Baños de Sierra Alhamilla, Pechina, Comarca Metropolitana de Almería, Almería, Andalucía, España
FOV 1,2 mm (Autor: Rewitzer Christian) -
Connellite and Buttgenbachite
Mina Casualidad, Cordillera de los Picachos, Baños de Sierra Alhamilla, Pechina, Comarca Metropolitana de Almería, Almería, Andalucía, España
FOV 2,4 mm (Autor: Rewitzer Christian) -
Connellite
Mina Cuesta Alta, Cerro Minado, Huércal-Overa, Comarca Levante Almeriense, Almería, Andalucía, España
fov 2 mm (Autor: Rewitzer Christian) -
Connellite
Mina Gold Hill, Gold Hill, Distrito Gold Hill, Condado Tooele, Utah, USA
FOV = 1.3 mm (Autor: Doug) -
Connellite
Mina Gold Hill, Gold Hill, Distrito Gold Hill, Condado Tooele, Utah, USA
FOV = 2.5 mm (Autor: Doug) -
Contact zone between the peg and host rock...err..host dirt (Author: Jason)
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cookeite & apatite in quartz - Brazil - 6-2-45 Feather.jpg (Author: John S. White)
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Cookeite and Pyrite
Mina Ampliación a Victoria, Sierra de Alcarama, Navajún, Comarca Cervera, La Rioja, España
13mm on edge pyrite (Autor: Firmo Espinar) -
Cookeite, Quartz (variety faden)
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
65mm x 39mm x 26mm (Autor: Don Lum)Cookeite, Quartz (variety faden)
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
91 mm x 60 mm x 47 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
91 mm x 60 mm x 47 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
116 mm x 56 mm x 42 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
116 mm x 56 mm x 42 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
116 mm x 56 mm x 42 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
116 mm x 56 mm x 42 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
85mm x 63mm x 37mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
125mm x 77mm x 65mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
37mm x 22mm x 13mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
42mm x 37mm x 22mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite, Quartz
Mina Stand-on-Your-Head No. 1, Bland, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
50mm x 35mm x 42mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Cookeite
Mina Green's Crystal, Paron, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
7.5 x 11.5 cm, FOV ~ 2.0 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Cookeite
Mina Green's Crystal, Paron, Saline County, Arkansas, USA
7.5 x 11.5 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Cópia de Maraba Amethyst Mine (32).jpg (Author: GBS)
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Cópia de Maraba Amethyst Mine (33).jpg (Author: GBS)
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Copper
14.4 x 1.4 cm
Dzhezhazgan Mine, Dzhezhazgan, Dzhezhazgan Oblast, Russia
copper spinel twin (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
6.5 x 10.5 cm.
Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Warren District, Cochise Co., Arizona
Crystallized copper interspersed with patches of red cuprite. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Adventure Mine, Ontonagon Co., Michigan
3.1 x 5.2 cm
Self collected. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Bergmannstrost Mine, Ems, Nassau, Germany
Label of this specimen (Author: Roger Warin)
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Copper
Bergmannstrost Mine, Ems, Nassau, Germany
Known by Romans and throughout the Middle Ages. (Author: Roger Warin)
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Copper
Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mts, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
7,5x3x2 cm
Crystallized Copper with minor Cuprite. Ex B. Carretta. (Author: Simone Citon)
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Copper
Boinás est. Begega. Belmonte. Asturias. Spain.
FOV 10.35mm
2x. Focus rail MacroRail. Canon EOS 600D. Ikea lights
Photo: Oscar Fernández Arcís, Mineral: Manuel de Torres (Author: ofarcis)
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Copper
Broken Hill mines, Broken Hill, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
5.5 x 6.0 cm
Smithsonian label for copper. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Broken Hill mines, Broken Hill, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
5.5 x 6.0 cm
Native copper with twinned crystals arranged in a feather pattern. Ex. Washington A. Roebling Collection. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, USA
60 mm x 38 mm x 16 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
4.3 x 3.1 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
3.5 x 2.5 cm
native copper twin
ex Sal Avella
ex Phil Scalisi (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
3.5 x 2.5 cm
native copper twin
ex Sal Avella
ex Phil Scalisi (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
10.5 x 3.2 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Chino Mine, East Pit, 5100 Bench, near Bayard, Grant Co., New Mexico
1.7 x 5.5 cm.
Spinel-twinned copper crystals with a nice patina. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Chino Mine, Santa Rita, Grant County, New Mexico, USA
45 x 10 mm
spinel twin copper crystal (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper
Chino Mine, Santa Rita, Grant County, New Mexico, USA
45 x 10 mm
spinel twin copper crystal (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Chino Mine, Santa Rita, Grant County, New Mexico, USA
4.1 x 1.5 cm
copper spinel twin (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Chino Mine, Santa Rita, Santa Rita District, Grant Co., New Mexico, USA
4.7 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm (Author: am mizunaka)
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Copper
Clark Mine, Copper Harbor, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
11.5 x 6.5 x 4.3 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Clark Mine, Copper Harbour, Keeweenaw County, Michigan, USA
11.5 x 6.5 x 4.3 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Clark Mine, Copper Harbour, Keeweenaw County, Michigan, USA
11.5 x 6.5 x 4.3 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper
Clark Mine, Copper Harbour, Keeweenaw County, Michigan, USA
11.5 x 6.5 x 4.3 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Clark Mine, Copper Harbour, Keeweenaw County, Michigan, USA
11.5 x 6.5 x 4.3 cm
Previously posted, better pictures (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Cole Shaft, Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
7.0 x 6.0 cm
cubic copper crystals (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper
Cole Shaft, Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
7.0 x 6.0 cm
cubic copper crystals (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Cole Shaft, Bisbee, Warren District, Mule Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
7.0 x 6.0 cm
cubic copper crystals (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Colonial Copper Mine, Bennet Brook, Cape D’Or, Cumberland Co., Nova Scotia, Canada
2.3 x 2.7 cm. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
2.0 x 3.0 cm.
Sharp pseudomorph of native copper after aragonite. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Dzhezkazgan Mine, Dzhezkazgan, Karagandy Province, Kazakhstan
12x8x0,2 cm
Large, flattened Copper. (Author: Simone Citon)
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Copper
Dzhezkazgan Mine, Kazakhstan
8 mm (Author: ploum)
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Copper
Isle Royale Mines, Houghton, Houghton Co., Michigan, USA
8x7 cm.
The old label from 1904 (Author: supertxango)
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Copper
Isle Royale Mines, Houghton, Houghton Co., Michigan, USA
8x7 cm.
Fot. & Col. Juan Hernandez.
Adquired in July of 2007. (Author: supertxango)
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Copper
Laurium Mine, Laurium, Houghton County, Michigan, USA
83 x 77 x 30 mm (Author: GneissWare)
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Copper
Michigan, USA (no more detailed information, sorry)
Height 60 mm (Author: Tobi)
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Copper
Northwestern Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
4.9 x 3.4 x 3.1 cm
The Northwestern Mine consists of 4 shafts and at least 1 adit. The Northwestern Mining Company was organized in 1845 and then reorganized in 1848. Work continued until 1857 and resumed again in 1863. All work ceased in 1865 and was absorbed by the Central Mining Company shortly after. 313,000 lbs. of refined copper was recovered from the mine. Copper, silver, analcime, and prehnite can be found on the poor-rock piles. Ref mindat.org (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Northwestern Mine, Central, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
4.9 x 3.4 x 3.1 cm
The Northwestern Mine consists of 4 shafts and at least 1 adit. The Northwestern Mining Company was organized in 1845 and then reorganized in 1848. Work continued until 1857 and resumed again in 1863. All work ceased in 1865 and was absorbed by the Central Mining Company shortly after. 313,000 lbs. of refined copper was recovered from the mine. Copper, silver, analcime, and prehnite can be found on the poor-rock piles. Ref. mindat.org (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Ojibway Mine, Ojibway, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
4.3 x 3.3 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Onganja Mine, Seeis, Windhoek District, Namibia
4.0 x 7.2 cm
A branching group of elongated dodecahedrons, lightly coated with cuprite and minor malachite. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Oumjrane Mine, Alnif, Tarhbalt, Er Rachidia Province, Morocco
3.5 x 8.0 cm.
An elongated plate of native copper with small octahedral crystals and a light coating of green malachite. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Phoenix Mine, Keweenaw Co., Michigan
6.3 x 7.5 cm (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Phoenix Mine, Phoenix, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
5.0 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Phoenix Mine, Phoenix, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
5.0 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Rubtsovskoe Cu-Zn-Pb deposit, Rudnyi Altai, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
5.0 x 6.7 cm
Sharply crystallized arborescent copper. The crystals are predominantly distorted octahedrons and have a nice reddish cuprite patina (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Ray Mine, Pinal County, Arizona, USA
5.3 x 4.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper
Relistian Mine, Gwinear, Cornwall, England
2.9 x 4.2 cm.
Back side of the above specimen. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Relistian Mine, Gwinear, Cornwall, England
2.9 x 4.2 cm.
An arborescent group of well-defined crystals. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper
Rubtsovskoe Cu-Zn-Pb deposit, Rudnyi Altai, Altaiskii Krai, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
3,5x2,5x1,5 cm
Crystallized, sculptural Copper. (Author: Simone Citon)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
87 mm x 29 mm x 11 mm
Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 29th Nov 2011 (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
87 mm x 29 mm x 11 mm
Back view (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
Sar Cheshmeh (Sarcheshmeh) Mine, Pariz, Kerman Province, Iran
4.5 cm (Author: h.abbasi)
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Copper
Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otavi, Namibia
5x2,2x1,5 cm
Old sample of Tsumeb Copper. (Author: Simone Citon)
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Copper
Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Otjikoto Region, Namibia
5.1 x 4.8 cm (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper ( spinel twins )
New Cornelia Mine, Ajo District, Pima County, Arizona, USA
153 x 121 x 106 mm
ex. Dr. David Roter collection;
ex. Williams Minerals specimen;
ex. Royal C. Gould collection (Author: GneissWare)
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Copper (variety native copper)
Mina New Cornelia, Ajo, Montes Little Ajo, Distrito Ajo, Condado Pima, Arizona, USA
73 mm x 53 mm x 14 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper - El Horcajo, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Field of view:1.6 mm (Author: Rewitzer Christian)
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Copper after Aragonite
Corocoro, Provincia Pacajes, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia
3.0 x 3.7 cm (Autor: am mizunaka) -
Copper after Aragonite
Corocoro, Provincia Pacajes, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia
19 mm x 20 mm x 15 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper after Azurite
Mina Chino, Santa Rita, Distrito Santa Rita, Condado Grant, New Mexico, USA
44 mm x 38 mm x 32 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper after Cuprite
Mina Poteryaevskoe, Distrito Rubtsovsky, Altai Krai, Rusia
175 mm x 115 mm x 105 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper alterated to malachite and cuprite xls. 6 cm aggregate from Mina mine, Marsberg, Sauerland, Westphalia. (Author: Andreas Gerstenberg)
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Copper and Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
45x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper and Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
45x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper and Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
50x35mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper and Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
50x35mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper and Calcite
Michigan, USA
3,5 x 4 x 1,9 cm. / 39 g (Autor: DanovskiM) -
Copper and Malachite
Mina Bou Nahas, zona minera Oumjrane, Comunidad Alnif, Provincia Tinghir, Región Drâa-Tafilalet, Marruecos
190 X 70 mm (Autor: Manuel Mesa) -
Copper and Malachite
Minas Ray, Zona Scott Mountain, Distrito Mineral Creek, Montes Dripping Spring, Condado Pinal, Arizona, USA
3.2 × 2.4 × 0.8 cm (Autor: Jordi Fabre) -
Copper and Pyrite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
46mm x 25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
COPPER CATHODE PROCESSING
The journey of Copper from electrolyte to a marketable product culminates in the crucial post-electrowinning phase at the Copper cathode plant. Once the electrowinning cycle was complete, the cells yielded crude Copper cathodes – substantial Copper sheets adhering to reusable stainless steel blanks. The initial, highly mechanized step involved the precise removal of these Copper sheets. Automated stripping machines were employed, designed to efficiently peel the deposited Copper from the inert cathode blanks without damaging either the valuable Copper or the blanks, which were immediately returned to the electrolytic cells for reuse.
After separation, these raw Copper sheets, often referred to as full plates, underwent further refinement. They were then conveyed to a trimming station where hydraulic shears or guillotines cut them to precise, standardized dimensions. This sizing ensured uniformity for subsequent handling, packaging, and adherence to customer specifications. While the electrowinning process itself yielded high-purity Copper, a final surface preparation, usually a thorough rinse with demineralized water, was performed to remove any residual electrolyte, dust, or minor surface impurities. This step ensured the pristine quality and appearance of the final product.
Finally, the prepared Copper cathodes were systematically stacked. They were typically stacked horizontally, often on pallets, in precise numbers – commonly 20 to 50 sheets per stack, depending on the cathode thickness and desired bundle weight. These stacks were then bound with steel strapping, ready for weighing, quality inspection, and dispatch to various industries worldwide.
To transform these cathodes into various Copper products, they were subjected to further processing at facilities exterior to the mine. This usually involved melting the cathodes in a shaft furnace, followed by continuous casting and rolling. The molten Copper was cast into a suitable form, often a thick slab or strip, which was then passed through a series of rolling mills. This mechanical working reduced the thickness of the Copper, enhances its grain structure, and improved its mechanical properties; ultimately producing high-quality Copper sheets of the desired gauge and finish, maintaining the exceptional 99.99% purity.
Original photos courtesy of Salvador Rivera (Author: silvia)
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Copper crystals
Copper Creek Mine, Batchawana Bay, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
7x5x3.5 cm (Author: Joseph DOliveira)
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Copper in agate (lacquered slab)
Calumet & Hecla Mine #21 , Calumet, Calumet Township, Houghton Co., Michigan, USA
5.5 x 4.3 x 0.9 cm
An underground copper mine consisting of 96 levels with 16 incline shafts and one vertical shaft (Red Jacket). Formed from the consolidation of the Calumet, Hecla, Portland, and Scott Mining Cos. in 1871. In 1923 the Allouez, Ahmeek, Centennial, Calumet and Hecla, and Osceola Mining Cos. merged to form the Calumet and Hecla Consolidated Copper Mining Co. All operations ceased in 1968 following a labor strike. Excellent mineral collecting, especially at #9, 10, and 12. ref mindat.org (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper in agate (lacquered slab)
Calumet & Hecla #21 Mine, Calumet, Calumet Township, Houghton Co., Michigan, USA
5.5 x 4.3 x 0.9 cm
An underground copper mine consisting of 96 levels with 16 incline shafts and one vertical shaft (Red Jacket). Formed from the consolidation of the Calumet, Hecla, Portland, and Scott Mining Cos. in 1871. In 1923 the Allouez, Ahmeek, Centennial, Calumet and Hecla, and Osceola Mining Cos. merged to form the Calumet and Hecla Consolidated Copper Mining Co. All operations ceased in 1968 following a labor strike. Excellent mineral collecting, especially at #9, 10, and 12. ref mindat.org (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper in calcite
Phoenix Mine, Keweenaw Co., Michigan
3.4 x 5.3 cm (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper in Gypsum
Mina Mission, Complejo Mission, San Xavier, distrito minero Pima, Montes Sierrita, Condado Pima, Arizona, USA
18 x 13 x 5 mm (Autor: Rob Schnerr) -
Copper in Quartz (variety chalcedony)
Islas Obi, Provincia North Maluku, Indonesia
112 mm x 107 mm x 87 mm (Autor: Don Lum)Copper in Quartz (variety chalcedony)
Islas Obi, Provincia North Maluku, I -
Copper on Calcite included with Cuprite
Czar Mine, Warren District, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
73 x 60 x 15 mm (Author: GneissWare)
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Copper on Dolomite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
61mm x 52mm x 12mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper on Prehnite
Mina Adventure, Greenland, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
66 x 40 x 39 mm (Autor: GneissWare) -
Copper ps. after cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Rubtsovskoe Cu-Zn-Pb deposit, Rudnyi Altai, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
2.8 x 3.0 cm
Sharp pseudomorphs of native copper after octahedral cuprite crystals. (Author: crosstimber)
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Copper ps. aragonite
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
24 mm tall x 17 mm wide (Author: Carles Millan)
-
Copper ps. aragonite
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
24 mm tall x 17 mm wide (Author: Carles Millan)
-
Copper ps. aragonite
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
24 mm tall x 17 mm wide (Author: Carles Millan)
-
Copper ps. aragonite
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
24 mm tall x 17 mm wide (Author: Carles Millan)
-
Copper pseudomorf over Aragonite
Mina San Agustin, Corocoro, Pacajes, La Paz, Bolivia
7x3 cm (Author: Enrique Llorens)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Aragonite
Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
2.8 x 2.3 x 1.4 cm
A classic pseudomorph of Copper after Aragonite. It shows a floater cyclic twinned Aragonite crystal, with a hexagonal shape, replaced by copper with some Malachite alteration. (Author: xdxucn)
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Copper pseudomorph after cuprite
Block 1-1, Rubtsovskiy Mine, Altaiskiy Krai, Siberia, Russia
4.3 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after cuprite
Block 1-1, Rubtsovskiy Mine, Altaiskiy Krai, Siberia, Russia
4.3 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after cuprite
Block 1-1, Rubtsovskiy Mine, Altaiskiy Krai, Siberia, Russia
4.3 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Poteryaevskoe Mine, Altaiskiy Kray, Western Siberian Region, Russia
6.2 x 5.2 x 4.5 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Rubtsovskiy Mine, Altaiskiy Krai, Siberia, Russia
4.9 x 4.8 x 3.1 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper pseudomorph after Cuprite
Rubtsovskiy Mine, Altaiskiy Krai, Siberia, Russia
4.9 x 4.8 x 3.1 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
COPPER RECOVER AND COPPER RICH SOLUTION
The images on the left showcase the heap leach pads, equipped with a sprinkler system, and the associated collection ponds containing the leached Copper solution. In the center, a simplified diagram illustrates the Copper extraction process. The upper photo on the right displays the solvent extraction plant (left) and the electrolytic plant (right). Finally, the bottom right-hand photo captures a Copper-rich solution just before it enters the second phase (stripping) at the solvent extraction plant – notice the stirrer assembly.
The heart of the hydrometallurgical process at Milpillas was heap leaching. On specially constructed, impermeable pads, the crushed ore was irrigated with a dilute sulfuric acid solution, known as the lixiviant. As the acid solution percolated through the ore pile, it selectively dissolved the Copper minerals, forming a Copper-rich solution called the pregnant leach solution (PLS). The efficiency of this stage depended on several factors, including the permeability of the ore heap, the concentration of the acid, and the contact time between the lixiviant and the Copper minerals. The Milpillas mine specifically targeted soluble Copper minerals, making heap leaching an ideal and cost-effective method for their extraction.
Following the leaching process, the pregnant leach solution, now laden with dissolved Copper, was directed to the solvent extraction (SX) plant. Solvent extraction is a purification and concentration step. In this stage, the PLS is mixed with an organic based solvent (i.e., alkyl Salicylaldoximes), which have a strong affinity for Copper ions. The Copper ions transfer from the aqueous PLS to the organic phase, leaving behind impurities in the aqueous phase now called the raffinate. This process effectively separates Copper from other undesirable elements that might have been leached from the ore. After the Copper is loaded into the organic solvent, the loaded organic phase is then stripped with a strong sulfuric acid solution, which reverses the process, transferring the concentrated Copper ions back into an aqueous solution. This resulting highly purified and concentrated Copper solution is known as the electrolyte. The final electrolytic cells then deposited high-purity Copper onto cathodes, a process that relied on a consistent and clean electrolyte composition to achieve "Grade A cathodic Copper."
Original photos courtesy of Jose Vazquez, diagram by Silvia. (Author: silvia)
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Copper related mineral (I think) (Author: Pierre Joubert)
-
Copper related mineral on quartz. (Author: Pierre Joubert)
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Copper with Calcite
Mina La Farola, Cerro Pintado, Distrito Las Pintadas, Tierra Amarilla, Provincia Copiapó, Región Atacama, Chile
58mm x 42mm x 40mm (Autor: Firmo Espinar) -
Copper with Calcite
Mina La Farola, Cerro Pintado, Distrito Las Pintadas, Tierra Amarilla, Provincia Copiapó, Región Atacama, Chile
58mm x 42mm x 40mm (Autor: Firmo Espinar) -
Copper, basalt
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
105 mm x 105 mm x 25 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper, Calcite
Cliff mine, Phoenix, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, USA
7.4 x 3.7 cm
The Scorpion (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper, Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x110x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x110x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x110x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Calcite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x110x30mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Calcite
Mina Onganja (Emke), Granja Helen 235, zona minera Onganja, Seeis, Distrito Windhoek, Región Khomas, Namibia
41 mm x 27 mm x 21 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, Calcite
Mina Onganja (Emke), Granja Helen 235, zona minera Onganja, Seeis, Distrito Windhoek, Región Khomas, Namibia
41 mm x 27 mm x 21 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, U.S.A. 12 x 7 x 6 cm. (Author: Lumaes)
-
Copper, Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, U.S.A. 12 x 7 x 6 cm. (Author: Lumaes)
-
Copper, Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, U.S.A. 12 x 7 x 6 cm. (Author: Lumaes)
-
Copper, Caledonia Mine, Mass City, Ontonagon County, Michigan, U.S.A. 12 x 7 x 6 cm. (Author: Lumaes)
-
Copper, Cerussite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
40x30x25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Cerussite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
40x30x25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Cerussite
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
40x30x25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper, Clinochlore
Cantera Beaver Valley, Shine, Condado Jefferson, Washington, USA
(Autor: am mizunaka) -
Copper, Clinochlore
Cantera Beaver Valley, Shine, Condado Jefferson, Washington, USA
3.1 x 2.2 cm (Autor: am mizunaka) -
Copper, Cuprite
Rubtsovskoe Cu-Zn-Pb Deposit, Rudnyi Altai, Altaiskii Krai, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
6.0 x 3.0 cm (Author: Don Lum)
-
Copper, cuprite, malachite.
Mapimí, Durango, Mexico.
size:9x5cm (Author: javmex2)
-
Copper, Cuprite, Malachite, Calcite
Rudabánya, Distrito Kazincbarcika, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hungría
14 x 14 cm (Autor: Gerhard Brandstetter)Copper, Cuprite, Malachite, Calcite
Rudabánya, Distrito Kazincbarcika, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hu -
Copper, Cuprite, Quartz
Mina Ojuela, Mapimí, Municipio Mapimí, Durango, México
20 x 18 x 15 mm (Autor: Rob Schnerr) -
Copper, Cuprite
Cinturón de cobre de Katanga, Katanga (Shaba), República Democrática del Congo (Zaire)
46 mm x 38 mm x 27 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, Cuprite
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
62 mm x 25 mm 16 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, Cuprite
Impruneta, Ciudad metropolitana de Florencia, Toscana, Italia
72 x 35 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Datolite
Mohawk Mine, Mohawk, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
21.5 x 15.0 x 11.0 cm
Copper crystals in datolite
ex Robert W. Hauck
ex Robert Nowakowski
collected in 1969 (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Datolite
Mohawk Mine, Mohawk, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USA
21.5 x 15.0 x 11.0 cm
Copper crystals in datolite
ex Robert W. Hauck
ex Robert Nowakowski
collected in 1969
"Predator" (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Epidote, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
140 mm x 90 mm x 25 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper, Epidote, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
140 mm x 90 mm x 25 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper, Malachite, Gypsum
Campiglia Marittima, Campigliese, Provincia Livorno, Toscana, Italia
91 x 36 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite, Gypsum
Mina Fenice Capanne, Massa Marittima, Provincia Grosseto, Toscana, Italia
75 x 60 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite, Gypsum
Mina Fenice Capanne, Massa Marittima, Provincia Grosseto, Toscana, Italia
75 x 60 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite, Gypsum
Mina Fenice Capanne, Massa Marittima, Provincia Grosseto, Toscana, Italia
16 x 5,5 cm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite, Gypsum
Mina Fenice Capanne, Massa Marittima, Provincia Grosseto, Toscana, Italia
90 x 76 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite
Minas Ray, Zona Scott Mountain, Distrito Mineral Creek, Montes Dripping Spring, Condado Pinal, Arizona, USA
36 mm x 34 mm x 10 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, Malachite
Mina Montecatini, Montecatini Val di Cecina, Provincia Pisa, Toscana, Italia
78 x 52 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite
Impruneta, Ciudad metropolitana de Florencia, Toscana, Italia
14,5 x 12,5 cm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite
Roccatederighi, Roccastrada, Provincia Grosseto, Toscana, Italia
72,3 x 54,5 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite
Campiglia Marittima, Campigliese, Provincia Livorno, Toscana, Italia
75 x 47 mm (Autor: Sante Celiberti) -
Copper, Malachite
Zona minera Oumjrane, Comunidad Alnif, Provincia Tinghir, Región Drâa-Tafilalet, Marruecos
110 mm x 70 mmx 20 mm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper, native
Käusersteimel mine, Kausen, Siegerland, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
6 x 5 cm (Author: Andreas Gerstenberg)
-
Copper, native
Segen Gottes mine, Gersdorf, Freiberg district, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany.
1 x 1/2 x 0,4 cm (Author: Andreas Gerstenberg)
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Copper, Quartz
White Pine Mine, White Pine, Ontanagon County, Michigan, USA
4.6 x 2.8 cm
On one end of this specimen the copper crystals are cubic in habit and form a stacked chain. The other end is composed of spongy copper wires.
ex A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Quartz
White Pine Mine, White Pine, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA
4.6 x 2.8 cm
On one end of this specimen the copper crystals are cubic in habit and form a stacked chain. The other end is composed of spongy copper wires.
ex A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Quartz
White Pine Mine, White Pine, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA
4.6 x 2.8 cm
On one end of this specimen the copper crystals are cubic in habit and form a stacked chain. The other end is composed of spongy copper wires.
ex A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Quartz
White Pine Mine, White Pine, Ontonagon County, Michigan, USA
4.6 x 2.8 cm
On one end of this specimen the copper crystals are cubic in habit and form a stacked chain. The other end is composed of spongy copper wires.
ex A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum (Author: Don Lum)
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Copper, Silver, Prehnite, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
100 mm x 80 mm x 60 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz)Copper, Silver, Prehnite, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, -
Copper, Silver, Prehnite, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
100 mm x 80 mm x 60 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz)Copper, Silver, Prehnite, Calcite
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, -
Copper.
Herrerías Mine, Puebla de Guzmán, Huelva, Andalusia, Spain
71x44x8 mm.
(Author: Fermin Clemente)
-
Copper. Belmonte. Asturias. Spain. 3 cm. (Author: nimfiara)
-
Copper
(Author: Dale Hallmark)
-
Copper
(Author: Joseph DOliveira)
-
Copper
10x5x6 cm''s
(Author: Joseph DOliveira)
-
Copper
Central Mine, Central, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, USA
60 mm x 38 mm x 16 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
Lake Superior Copper District, Michigan
100 mm x 50 mm x 40 mm
(Author: Robert Seitz)
-
Copper
Lake Superior Copper District, Michigan
100 mm x 50 mm x 40 mm
(Author: Robert Seitz)
-
Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
54 mm x 49 mm x 26 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
54 mm x 49 mm x 26 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
87 mm x 29 mm x 11 mm
Mindat.org Photo of the Day - 29th Nov 2011 (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
38 mm x 35 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
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Copper
San Agustín Mine, Corocoro, Pacajes Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia
38 mm x 35 mm (Author: Carles Millan)
-
Copper
Sunnyside Area, Ray Mine
Pinal County, Arizona (Author: Linda Smith)
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Copper
Warren District, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona, USA
58 x 33 x 20 mm
This very dramatic native Copper from Bisbee is dominated by a spinel twinned Copper crystals measuring 5.8 x 2.0 x 0.7 cm in size. Minor Malachite provides a nice accent. (Author: GneissWare)
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Copper
Mina Poteryaevskoe, Distrito Rubtsovsky, Altai Krai, Rusia
115 X 60 mm (Autor: Manuel Mesa) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
100 mm x 50 mm x 40 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Mina Chino, Santa Rita, Distrito Santa Rita, Condado Grant, New Mexico, USA
81 mm x 47 mm x 36 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Mashamba West, Distrito Kolwezi, Lualaba, Cinturón de cobre de Katanga, Katanga (Shaba), República Democrática del Congo (Zaire)
FOV of 34.5mm (Autor: ofarcis) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x70mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90x70mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
25x25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
140x110mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
140x110mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
20x20mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
35x20mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
30x20mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
20x20mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
45x25mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
1.0 x 3.0 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina White Pine, White Pine, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
1.5 x 2.9 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Chino, Santa Rita, Distrito Santa Rita, Condado Grant, New Mexico, USA
81 mm x 47 mm x 36 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Chino, Santa Rita, Distrito Santa Rita, Condado Grant, New Mexico, USA
81 mm x 47 mm x 36 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Chino, Santa Rita, Distrito Santa Rita, Condado Grant, New Mexico, USA
81 mm x 47 mm x 36 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Mohawk, Mohawk, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
0.5 x 9.4 x 15.8 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Caledonia, Mass City, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
2.3 x 2.7 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
Same as above (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
Same as above (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
3cm wide x 2cm high Nail diameter 1-2mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Quincy, Hancock, Condado Houghton, Michigan, USA
202 x 105 x 56 mm (Autor: GneissWare) -
Copper
Reichenbach, Lautertal (Odenwald), Distrito Bergstraße, Darmstadt, Hesse/Hessen, Alemania
10,5 x 8,5 cm (Autor: Andreas Gerstenberg) -
Copper
Condado Houghton, Michigan, USA
8.0 x 18.0 cm, FOV~4.5 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Mina Mohawk, Mohawk, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
9.4 x 15.8 cm, FOV~10.0 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Geoda Laker, Eagle Harbor, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
3.5 x 3.0 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Geoda Laker, Eagle Harbor, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
3.5 x 5.5 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Mina Adventure, Greenland, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
3.0 x 5.0 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
63 mm x 10 mm - Largest crystal size: 8.5 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
63 mm x 10 mm - Largest crystal size: 8.5 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
63 mm x 10 mm - Largest crystal size: 8.5 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
63 mm x 10 mm - Largest crystal size: 8.5 mm (Autor: Carles Millan) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
100 mm x 50 mm x 40 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Mina Rio Tinto (Mina Mountain City Copper), Distrito Mountain City, Condado Elko, Nevada, USA
6.8 x 4.3 x 2.1 cm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper
Mina Rio Tinto (Mina Mountain City Copper), Distrito Mountain City, Condado Elko, Nevada, USA
6.8 x 4.3 x 2.1 cm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper
Mina Rio Tinto (Mina Mountain City Copper), Distrito Mountain City, Condado Elko, Nevada, USA
6.8 x 4.3 x 2.1 cm (Autor: Don Lum) -
Copper
Distrito Keweenaw Copper, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
125 X 80 X 80 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
fov 25 mm (Autor: ploum) -
Copper
Mina Bou Nahas, zona minera Oumjrane, Comunidad Alnif, Provincia Tinghir, Región Drâa-Tafilalet, Marruecos
2.6 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Adventure, Greenland, Condado Ontonagon, Michigan, USA
2.4 x 2.6 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Onganja (Emke), Granja Helen 235, zona minera Onganja, Seeis, Distrito Windhoek, Región Khomas, Namibia
2.0 x 3.3 cm (Autor: Michael Shaw) -
Copper
Mina Morenci, Morenci, Distrito Copper Mountain, Montes Shannon, Condado Greenlee, Arizona, USA
5.6 x 4.1 cm (Autor: steven calamuci) -
Copper
Morenci, Distrito Copper Mountain, Montes Shannon, Condado Greenlee, Arizona, USA
5.6 x 4.1 cm (Autor: steven calamuci) -
Copper
Mina Morenci, Morenci, Distrito Copper Mountain, Montes Shannon, Condado Greenlee, Arizona, USA
5.6 x 4.1 cm (Autor: steven calamuci) -
Copper
Mina Morenci, Morenci, Distrito Copper Mountain, Montes Shannon, Condado Greenlee, Arizona, USA
5.6 x 4.1 cm (Autor: steven calamuci) -
Copper
Mina Rubtsovskoe, Distrito Rubtsovsky, Altai Krai, Rusia
2.1 x 2.9 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Minas Ray, Zona Scott Mountain, Distrito Mineral Creek, Montes Dripping Spring, Condado Pinal, Arizona, USA
2.0 x 2.5 cm (Autor: crosstimber) -
Copper
Mina Itauz, Dzhezkazgan, Región Karaganda, Kazajstán
105 x 40 mm (Autor: Manuel Mesa) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
75 mm x 60 mm x 50 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
75 mm x 60 mm x 50 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
170 mm x 75 mm x 3 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Distrito Lake Superior Copper, Condado Keweenaw, Michigan, USA
170 mm x 75 mm x 3 mm (Autor: Robert Seitz) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
48mm x 31mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Mina Tsumeb, Tsumeb, Región Otjikoto, Namibia
90mm x 60mm (Autor: Heimo Hellwig) -
Copper
Boinás Este, Plataforma 400, Boinás, Belmonte de Miranda, Comarca Oviedo, Principado de Asturias (Asturias), España
34 x 26 mm (Autor: Manuel Mesa) -
Copper
Boinás Este, Plataforma 380, Boinás, Belmonte de Miranda, Comarca Oviedo, Principado de Asturias (Asturias), España
85 x 48 mm (Autor: Manuel Mesa)
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